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kevin5k
Joined: 08 Jan 2007
Posts: 41
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| No sound for 16f876A |
 Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 6:48 pm |
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I'm trying to make an 8ohm speaker sound off when it is activated. It is connected to pin_A0 of the 16F876A. Have verified that the PIC is working and the port is working (i.e Multimeter).
Connection is as such:
pin_A0 --> Capacitor (+) --> Capacitor (-) --> Speaker (+) --> Speaker (-) --> Gnd.
Am using an aluminum electrolytic 10uF capacitor. The positive & negative terminals of both the capacitor and speaker are illustrated above.
All i can hear when pin_A0 is activated is a soft 'boop' 
Much help advice is appreciated. |
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kender
Joined: 09 Aug 2004
Posts: 768
Location: Silicon Valley
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| Re: No sound for 16f876A |
| Posted: Sat Feb 10, 2007 7:53 pm |
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| kevin5k wrote: | | All i can hear when pin_A0 is activated is a soft 'boop' |
This sounds like a right result from a wrong signal. For a speaker to make sound, you need to drive it with a frequency, not just turn the pin high. Try making a square wave at some frequency between 100Hz and 20kHz and drive the speaker with it. Some buzzers will generate a frequency themselves (for an example, lookup CEM-1205C on DigiKey).
I’m not sure on this one, but you might also need a reverse-polarized diode from the high side of your speaker to ground. This will protect the PIC from inductive kickback. |
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kevin5k
Joined: 08 Jan 2007
Posts: 41
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| Posted: Sun Feb 11, 2007 6:36 am |
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| But i just require a monotone sound to be played on the speaker....Anyone can help?Am using only a 4Mhz crystal.... |
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kevin5k
Joined: 08 Jan 2007
Posts: 41
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| Posted: Sun Feb 11, 2007 10:10 am |
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What i mean is that Just a simple beep will be sufficient
[quote="kevin5k"]But i just require a monotone sound to be played on the speaker....Anyone can help?Am using only a 4Mhz crystal....[/quote] |
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SimpleAsPossible
Joined: 19 Jun 2004
Posts: 21
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| Clarification |
| Posted: Sun Feb 11, 2007 12:59 pm |
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The point kender is trying to make is that to make a short beep, you need to output an audible frequency for a short period of time. That is, your speaker needs to see a waveform like this:
| Code: |
__________________/\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ /\ __________________
silence \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ \/ silence
beep
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So, instead of driving the speaker high, you need to drive it high, wait a short time (about 500 microseconds will work), then drive it low again and wait some more (probably the same 500 us). Then you repeat that high-low cycle a few times (about 100 times will give you a 100 ms beep -- 1/10 of a second). Try something like:
| Code: |
// --------- untested code ---------
beep()
{
int8 x;
for ( x=0; x<100; x++ )
{
output_high( PIN_A5 );
delay_us( 500 );
output_low( PIN_A5 );
delay_us( 500 );
}
}
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The monotone you are looking for is defined by the frequency of the high-low switching. The length of time the beep happens is defined by how long you spend switching. With 500 microsecond delays between low-high and high-low, you get a cycle time of 1 ms, which is 1000 Hz. That's a bit low for a beep, so you might want to decrease the time delays and increase the number of cycles.
Your circuit can also potentially destroy your output pin. Can you perhaps get a piezoelectric speaker from a local hobby/electronics store? You are dumping a lot of power into the speaker, using just the PIC's output pin. You could put a cheap logic chip between the PIC and the speaker/capacitor, and put it in a socket so if it blows up you can replace it.
At the very least, put about 50 ohms in series between the output pin and the capacitor. |
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kevin5k
Joined: 08 Jan 2007
Posts: 41
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| Posted: Tue Feb 13, 2007 11:22 am |
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Tks guys....will try out ur suggestion......  |
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